Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
Atomic absorption spectroscopy measures the concentration of metal elements in a sample by analyzing absorbed light.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy measures the emission of light from excited electronic states to study molecular structure and dynamics.
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
Infrared spectroscopy identifies functional groups in molecules by measuring the absorption of infrared radiation.
Mass Spectrometry
Mass spectrometry measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules.
NMR Spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy uses magnetic fields to determine the structure of organic molecules.
Raman Spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy measures inelastic light scattering to probe molecular vibrations and crystal structures.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
UV-Vis spectroscopy measures the absorption of ultraviolet and visible light by molecules to determine concentration and structure.