Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
Confocal microscopy uses a pinhole aperture to eliminate out-of-focus light, enabling optical sectioning of thick specimens with high resolution and three-dimensional reconstruction.
Advanced instrumentationDynamic Mechanical Analysis
Dynamic mechanical analysis measures the viscoelastic properties of materials by applying oscillatory stress and recording the resulting strain as a function of temperature, frequency, or time.
Advanced instrumentationParticle Size Analysis
Particle size analysis measures the size distribution of particulate materials using techniques including laser diffraction, dynamic light scattering, sieving, and sedimentation.
Advanced instrumentationBET Surface Area Analysis
BET surface area analysis measures the specific surface area of materials through nitrogen multilayer adsorption at cryogenic temperatures, providing critical data for catalysts, adsorbents, and nanomaterials.
Advanced instrumentationCircular Dichroism Spectroscopy
Circular dichroism spectroscopy measures the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light, revealing secondary structure content and conformational changes in biomolecules.
Advanced instrumentationIsothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC)
ITC directly measures the heat released or absorbed during biomolecular binding, providing the equilibrium constant, stoichiometry, enthalpy, and entropy in a single experiment.
Advanced instrumentationX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
XPS measures the elemental composition and chemical state of surfaces by analyzing the kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted under X-ray irradiation.
Advanced instrumentationTandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS)
Tandem mass spectrometry couples multiple stages of mass analysis to isolate precursor ions and analyze their fragments, providing structural identification and quantitative analysis of complex mixtures.
Advanced instrumentationMALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry uses a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization source coupled to a time-of-flight analyzer for the analysis of large biomolecules, polymers, and microorganisms.
Advanced instrumentation
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