Amino Acid Synthesis
Amino acid synthesis pathways describe how organisms produce amino acids from metabolic precursors.
Amino Acids & their Properties
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, each with unique side chains that determine their chemical properties.
Amino Acid-Derived Molecules
Amino acids serve as precursors for a diverse range of biologically active molecules including neurotransmitters, hormones, porphyrins, melanin, and nitric oxide.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids
Branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine are essential amino acids with unique metabolic pathways and important roles in muscle protein synthesis and energy metabolism.
Amino Acid Catabolism & the Urea Cycle
Amino acid catabolism is the breakdown of amino acids, producing metabolic intermediates and nitrogen that is disposed of through the urea cycle.
Isoelectric Point & Titration of Amino Acids
The isoelectric point is the pH at which an amino acid carries no net charge, determined by its ionizable groups and pKa values.
Post-translational Modifications
Post-translational modifications are covalent changes to proteins after synthesis that regulate their function, localization, and stability.