Aldehydes and Ketones
Aldehydes and ketones contain the carbonyl group (C=O) and are fundamental intermediates in organic chemistry.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives include acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters, and amides with varying reactivity.
Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) with pKa values typically around 4-5.
