DNA Replication
DNA replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its genome before cell division, ensuring each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.
DNA Structure and Topology
DNA is a double-stranded helix that stores genetic information, with its structure and topology being fundamental to its function in replication, transcription, and repair.
Gene Regulation and Epigenetics
Gene regulation controls when, where, and how much a gene is expressed through the combined action of transcription factors, chromatin modifications, and non-coding RNAs.
RNA Structure and Types
RNA is a versatile nucleic acid that functions in information transfer, catalysis, gene regulation, and cellular structure, existing in many distinct forms.
Transcription and RNA Processing
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, followed by extensive processing in eukaryotes including capping, splicing, and polyadenylation.
Translation
Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded by the ribosome to synthesize a polypeptide chain with a specific amino acid sequence.