COVID-19 vaccine makers should update their shots to target the XFG variant for the upcoming vaccination campaign, according to a recommendation from EMA’s Emergency Task Force.

XFG, part of the JN.1 family of Omicron subvariants, has been circulating widely since mid-2025 and peaked at 74% of genetically sequenced infections globally in October. It remains prevalent among JN.1 subvariants, though not consistently across all regions. Other variants co-circulating in Europe include NB.1.81 and BA.3.2, which is genetically distinct from the JN.1 family and increasing in some countries.

The task force based its recommendation on consultations with the World Health Organization, international partners, and vaccine manufacturers. It reviewed data on virus evolution, the effectiveness of existing vaccines containing JN.1, KP.2, and LP.8.1 strains, and animal studies on XFG-, LP.8.1-, and BA.3.2-adapted candidates.

The evidence suggests targeting XFG would provide the best protection against COVID-19 caused by JN.1 Omicron subvariants and also against BA.3.2. Vaccines targeting the LP.8.1 strain remain an option for 2026 campaigns. The recommendation may be updated if the epidemiological situation changes.

Manufacturers should now contact EMA to discuss updating their marketing authorizations. Companies developing new vaccines targeting other strains are also encouraged to reach out. National authorities in EU member states will make the final decisions about vaccination campaigns based on local epidemiological conditions.

Source: EMA News