Nucleotide Metabolism
Nucleotide metabolism encompasses the synthesis and degradation of purines and pyrimidines, which are essential for nucleic acid synthesis, energy transfer, and signaling.
Biology Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation is a method for mapping protein-DNA interactions in the genome, identifying where transcription factors and histone modifications are located.
Biology CRISPR Applications Beyond Cas9
CRISPR technology has expanded far beyond genome editing with Cas9 to include base editing, prime editing, gene regulation, and diagnostic applications.
Biology DNA Microarrays and Gene Expression Analysis
DNA microarrays allow simultaneous measurement of the expression levels of thousands of genes, providing a genome-wide view of cellular transcriptional activity.
Biology EMSA and DNA Footprinting
EMSA and DNA footprinting are classic methods for studying protein-DNA interactions, revealing binding affinity, specificity, and the precise nucleotides contacted by proteins.
Biology Flow Cytometry
Flow cytometry is a laser-based technology that rapidly measures physical and chemical properties of individual cells or particles in a fluid stream.
Biology Yeast Two-Hybrid System
The yeast two-hybrid system detects protein-protein interactions in living yeast cells by reconstituting a functional transcription factor.
Biology Heme Biosynthesis and Degradation
Heme is an iron-containing porphyrin that serves as the prosthetic group for hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and other essential proteins.
Biology Nucleotide Analogs as Drugs
Nucleotide analogs are a major class of therapeutic agents that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis, used extensively in cancer and antiviral therapy.
Biology Purine Metabolism
Purine metabolism encompasses the de novo synthesis, salvage, and degradation of purine nucleotides, which are essential for nucleic acids, energy transfer, and signaling.
Biology Pyrimidine Metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism covers the de novo synthesis, salvage, and degradation of pyrimidine nucleotides including uracil, cytosine, and thymine.
Biology PCR Applications and Variants
The polymerase chain reaction has spawned numerous specialized variants and applications that extend its utility beyond simple DNA amplification.
Biology
