Lymphomas
Lymphomas are lymphoid neoplasms arising in lymph nodes or extranodal sites, classified into Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin types with distinct histopathology and immunophenotype.
Hematologic MalignanciesPlasma Cell Disorders
Plasma cell disorders are clonal proliferations of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells, ranging from benign monoclonal gammopathy to multiple myeloma.
Hematologic MalignanciesClassification of Anemias
Anemia is classified by RBC morphology and underlying mechanism, guiding the laboratory workup and differential diagnosis.
AnemiasBlood Component Therapy
Blood component therapy involves the separation of whole blood into components for targeted transfusion to correct specific deficits.
Blood Transfusion MedicineTransfusion Reactions and Adverse Events
Transfusion reactions range from mild febrile responses to life-threatening hemolytic reactions requiring immediate recognition and intervention.
Blood Transfusion MedicineFibrinogen and D-Dimer Testing
Fibrinogen and D-dimer are key coagulation parameters used to assess bleeding risk, diagnose DIC, and exclude venous thromboembolism.
Hemostasis and CoagulationIntroduction to Hemostasis
Hemostasis is the physiological process that stops bleeding at sites of vascular injury while maintaining blood fluidity in the circulation.
Hemostasis and CoagulationProthrombin Time, INR, and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
PT/INR and aPTT are the most commonly ordered coagulation screening tests, evaluating the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways respectively.
Hemostasis and CoagulationThe Coagulation Cascade
The coagulation cascade is a series of enzymatic reactions leading to fibrin clot formation, organized into intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways.
Hemostasis and Coagulation