Bisulfite Sequencing and DNA Methylation Analysis
Bisulfite sequencing detects 5-methylcytosine at single-base resolution by chemically converting unmethylated cytosines to uracil while leaving methylated cytosines unchanged.
BiologyTALENs and Zinc Finger Nucleases
TALENs and zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are programmable DNA-binding proteins that create targeted double-strand breaks for genome editing in eukaryotic cells.
Biology
Apoptosis Assays
Apoptosis assays detect programmed cell death through multiple hallmarks, caspase activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss.
BiologyCell Cycle Analysis
Cell cycle analysis measures the distribution of cells across G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases using DNA content staining, BrdU incorporation, or cyclin expression markers.
BiologyBacterial Transformation
Bacterial transformation introduces exogenous plasmid DNA into competent bacterial cells, enabling cloning, protein expression, and library construction.
BiologyCRISPR Screening
CRISPR screening uses pooled single-guide RNA libraries to identify genes essential for a phenotype of interest in a high-throughput, genome-wide manner.
BiologyGateway and TOPO Cloning
Gateway recombinational cloning and TOPO cloning are rapid, PCR-based methods for [transferring DNA sequences between plasmids](/guides/recombinant-dna-technology.html) without restriction enzymes or ligase.
BiologyGibson Assembly and Golden Gate Cloning
Gibson Assembly and Golden Gate cloning enable seamless, scarless assembly of multiple DNA fragments in a single reaction for synthetic biology and large construct engineering.
BiologyTransfection Methods
Transfection delivers nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells for studying gene function, protein expression, and genetic manipulation.
Biology
Blood Gas Analysis and Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Blood gas analysis assesses respiratory and metabolic acid-base status, while serum protein electrophoresis separates serum proteins for diagnosing monoclonal gammopathies and inflammatory conditions.
BiologyUrinalysis
Urinalysis is a non-invasive diagnostic test that assesses kidney function, metabolic disorders, and urinary tract infections through physical, chemical, and microscopic examination.
Biology
Schlenk Line and Air-Free Techniques
Schlenk line and air-free techniques enable the safe handling of air- and moisture-sensitive compounds using inert gas and vacuum manifold systems.
Chemistry