X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)
X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry identifies and quantifies elements by measuring characteristic X-rays emitted from a sample.
Chemistry
Hidden Markov Models in Bioinformatics
Hidden Markov Models (HMM) are statistical models for sequential data with unobserved states,broadly used in biological sequence analysis for gene prediction, sequence alignment, and protein family classification.
BiologyNatural Language Processing in Bioinformatics
Natural Language Processing (NLP) applies computational language models to biological text data, enabling literature mining, genome annotation with biological language models, and knowledge extraction from biomedical publications.
BiologyRandom Forests in Bioinformatics
Random forests build ensembles of decision trees for robust classification, feature selection, and outlier detection in biological data, handling high-dimensional genomics and proteomics datasets effectively.
BiologySupport Vector Machines (SVM) in Bioinformatics
Support Vector Machines (SVM) construct an optimal hyperplane for classifying biological data, excelling in high-dimensional, small-sample scenarios such as gene expression classification and disease diagnosis.
BiologyTransformers in Biology
Transformers use self-attention mechanisms to model long-range interactions in biological sequences, revolutionizing protein structure prediction and functional genomics through models like AlphaFold and DNABERT.
BiologyCodon Usage Analysis: Decoding Translation Preferences
Codon usage analysis examines the frequency of synonymous codons to study translation efficiency, gene expression, and evolutionary adaptation.
Biology
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Fine needle aspiration cytology uses a thin needle to sample cells from lesions for rapid diagnosis with minimal invasiveness.
BiologyGynecologic Cytology and the Bethesda System
Gynecologic cytology (Pap test) screens for cervical cancer precursors using the Bethesda System for standardized classification and management.
BiologyIntroduction to Cytopathology
Cytopathology examines individual cells from exfoliative samples and fine needle aspirations to diagnose disease at the cellular level.
BiologyLiquid-Based Cytology and Molecular Applications
Liquid-based cytology improves specimen quality and enables molecular testing from the same sample for integrated cytomolecular diagnosis.
BiologyNon-Gynecologic Cytology
Non-gynecologic cytology examines cells from body fluids, urine, respiratory specimens and other sources to diagnose infection, inflammation and malignancy.
Biology
