Histopathology: Tissue Processing and Sectioning
Tissue processing and sectioning transform fresh tissue into thin sections for microscopic examination, the foundation of histopathological diagnosis.
BiologyAntigen Retrieval and IHC Methods
Antigen retrieval restores antibody accessibility in formalin-fixed tissue through heat-induced or enzymatic methods, determining IHC success.
BiologyIHC in Tumor Diagnosis and Classification
Immunohistochemistry is essential for classifying tumors of unknown origin, confirming lineage, and identifying specific tumor subtypes.
BiologyIHC Troubleshooting, Controls and Optimization
Systematic troubleshooting of immunohistochemistry identifies causes of weak staining, background, and false results through proper control evaluation.
BiologyPredictive and Prognostic IHC Markers
Predictive IHC markers guide therapy selection by identifying target expression, while prognostic markers estimate patient outcome independent of treatment.
BiologyPrinciples of Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry uses antibody-antigen binding to localize specific proteins in tissue sections, enabling cell typing, tumor classification, and biomarker detection.
BiologyBrightfield and Polarization Microscopy in Histopathology
Brightfield microscopy is the standard method for examining stained tissue sections, while polarization microscopy reveals birefringent structures.
BiologyDigital Pathology and Whole Slide Imaging
Digital pathology converts glass slides into high-resolution digital images for remote viewing, analysis, archiving, and artificial intelligence applications.
BiologyElectron Microscopy in Diagnostic Pathology
Electron microscopy provides ultrastructural detail of cells and tissues, resolving structures below the diffraction limit of light microscopy.
BiologyFluorescence and Confocal Microscopy for Tissue Analysis
Fluorescence microscopy uses fluorophores to label specific molecules in tissue, while confocal microscopy eliminates out-of-focus light for optical sectioning.
BiologyQuantitative Image Analysis and AI in Pathology
Quantitative image analysis extracts reproducible measurements from tissue images, while artificial intelligence enables automated detection and classification.
BiologyGlial and Neuronal Tumors
Glial and neuronal tumors are classified by histological features, IHC markers and molecular alterations for prognosis and targeted therapy.
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